Analysis: How to improve self-improvement of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy

[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] This year's "two sessions", a proposal on the way of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies has attracted the attention of the industry: how to make up for the purchase of agricultural machinery subsidies? The topic of this discussion for many years has once again been mentioned in front of people. In the 13 years of implementation of an industrial policy, the industry has been greatly developed, so that participants have gained a lot of money, and institutional arrangements have never stopped adjusting. Policy change is one of the focuses of social discussion on agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy. This article explores how the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy has changed, why it has changed, how it should be changed, and how it should change.
The adjustment of the purchase subsidy policy is reflected in the scope of subsidies, the proportion of subsidies, and the targets of subsidies. The subsidy method is also an important content. Let us first make a comb.
Analysis: How to improve self-improvement of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy
First, the process of change in the subsidy mode
The complexity and arduousness of the implementation of the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy is not revealed at the beginning, and policy designers are also advancing in the process of exploration. Since the central government allocated special funds for agricultural machinery purchase subsidies in 2004, the policy arrangement has gone through three periods: the stage is from 2004 to 2005, and it is in the period of policy experiment exploration. In 2004, 70 million yuan of funds reached more than 100 counties under the pilot project. The main purpose was to explore the idea of ​​policy setting. In this way, in the subsidy mode, the various pilot areas can be varied in ways: there are government procurements, and there are also public selections. If there are fixed subsidies, there are fixed subsidies and even distributions. Because the total amount of funds is relatively small, all localities have been carefully operated according to the project, and most of the pilot areas have achieved good results. The second phase, from 2005 to 2011, is the unified normative period of policy. In 2005, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture successively implemented the Interim Measures for the Administration of the Use of Agricultural Machinery Purchase Subsidies. The subsidy method was unified nationwide to apply for the difference purchase, and the funds were paid to the enterprises. It is characterized by the establishment of a more comprehensive policy objective, in accordance with the way of project management. During this period, the amount of funds increased rapidly by 200 times, which made the project management method designed according to the small capital scale obviously unsuitable. While the localities have achieved great achievements in policy implementation and gained a lot of experience, they have also found some problems in some aspects. The departmental supervision has been constantly recruiting and recruiting, and gradually improving and perfecting. The third phase is from 2011 to 2016, which is a period of policy improvement. The characteristic of this period is that the direction of policy improvement is gradually clear, especially the introduction of performance management. The subsidy method is determined to be a self-purchasing machine, and the funds are directly replenished to the farmers. The amount of capital invested during this period was stable at a high level. The supervision and management have gradually improved, the objectives are clear, the responsibilities are clear, and the policy implementation tends to be stable.

Second, the inevitability of changing subsidies
The continued change of the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy is determined by the complexity of the policy itself, including at least the following aspects:
1. Complex and versatile policy environment. For more than a decade, it has been the period of innovation and change in the management system of China's agricultural production methods, and it is also the golden period for the development of agricultural machinery. In the process of accelerating the development of agriculture, from the single collective operation, to the separation of ownership and contract management rights, to the separation of ownership, contracting rights and management rights, the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy must also be related to Chinese agriculture. The direction of structural reform on the supply side is the same. These reforms, innovations, and explorations and practices have no precedents in ancient and modern China and foreign countries. There is no experience in purchasing subsidies for agricultural machinery at home and abroad, and they can only be used for exploration.
2. The multi-objective nature of the policy. In the implementation process of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy, many objectives have been set up, including promoting agricultural modernization, promoting agricultural machinery industry, adjusting agricultural industrial structure, promoting the development of agricultural machinery cooperative organizations, stimulating domestic demand, and promoting agricultural bloody prevention. Promote the safety of the dairy industry, promote the development of beekeeping, promote agricultural environmental protection, solve the problem of straw burning, and so on. These targets cover one, two, and three industries and involve multiple areas. There are also some inconsistencies between the goals and even the constraints. A single policy approach is difficult to meet the many goals that are achieved at the same time. These goals can only be approached through constant coordination and constant revision.
3. The parties involved in the policy are self-interested. We can deepen our understanding of this problem by analyzing two typical subsidies.
Example: Apply for the difference first and apply after the first purchase machine
In the 13 years of subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery, there are only two types of subsidies that are truly universal, namely, “the enterprise that pays for the purchase of funds after the first application” and the “application for funds to pay the farmers after the purchase of the machine”.

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