The essence and main scheme of the natural caving mining method in the stage

The essence of method A
The natural caving method is to pull the bottom of the mining body horizontal column to form a large space, and to dig some weakened roadways, and use the internal stress of the ore body to make the ore gradually collapse. The caving ore is mostly broken into small or Medium block; there is a dedicated ore roadway in the bottom column; most of the caving ore is released under the cover of the surrounding rock.
B main program
The natural collapse method of the stage is shown in Figure 1.



Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the stage natural collapse method
1- along the pulse transport lane; 2-passage transport lane; 3-contact lane;
4-electric roadway; 5-funnel; 6-weakened roadway; 7-corner patio

There are three main options for the stage natural caving method: the collapse of the nugget, the collapse of the plate and the complete continuous collapse. According to the collapsibility of the ore body and the occurrence conditions of the ore body, a suitable natural caving plan is selected.
(1) Natural caving of ore blocks. This method divides the stage into square or rectangular ore blocks and recovers them in units of ore blocks. This scheme is applicable to ore bodies with weak ore, joints, cracks, and small ore blocks. It is easy to achieve rapid mining and avoid the increase of ground pressure and damage the mining roadway. The implementation of controlled ore discharge will keep the contact surface of the collapsed ore rock evenly lowered.
(2) The natural collapse method of the panel. This method divides the stage along the ore body's strike or vertical direction into panels, and uses the panel as a unit for mining. The retention or absence of the ore column in the disc interval shall be determined according to the stability of the ore rock where the roadway is located and whether the surrounding rock in the stope can be re-compacted and consolidated, and it is easy to recover the pillar. This scheme is generally applicable to moderately stable ore bodies with large ore bodies and relatively sparse joints and cracks. The control of ore-mining is implemented to make the contact surface of the caving rock and rock fall evenly on the inclined surface.
(3) Comprehensive continuous natural caving method. The method is continuous mining from one end of the ore body along the full thickness (or full width) of the ore body to the other end without dividing the unit. The ore body is sparsely sparse, the ore is relatively stable, and a large bottoming area is required to take the initial collapse and the continuous collapse. When the ore is discharged, the contact surface of the collapsed ore remains uniformly inclined.
At present, the ore caving plan has been rarely used. The two schemes of panel collapse and complete continuous collapse without leaving the pillar have become the main mining methods for the natural collapse method. When a large horizontal area of ore, the ore body may be divided into a market area, a continuous mining a comprehensive scheme breakouts respective extents in U.S. copper-molybdenum ore Henderson (Henderson) is an example.

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