Materialized technology battle it! How far is the pharmaceutical wastewater discharged from the standard?

The pharmaceutical industry is an important part of our national economy and one of the fastest growing industries in our country. At present, China has become one of the largest producers and exporters of chemical raw materials and the largest producer of pharmaceutical preparations in the world. However, at the same time, the environmental pollution in the pharmaceutical industry is relatively serious due to non-compliance of emission standards. Experts said that the pharmaceutical industry has the most environmental impact on wastewater, waste residue and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment (Pictures from Baidu Pictures)

It is understood that the organic waste water produced in the pharmaceutical production process is recognized as one of the serious environmental pollution sources. According to "2015 Annual Report on Environmental Statistics" data show that in 2015 China's industrial waste water emissions of 19.95 billion tons, of which pharmaceutical industry wastewater discharge of 532.587 million tons, accounting for 2.67% of the national industrial wastewater. Pharmaceutical residues, pharmaceutical intermediates, live bacteria used in pharmaceutical processes, and other characteristic pollutants enter the environment through wastewater discharge and other biological safety issues (such as biological toxicity and bacterial resistance) have been long-term Neglected, there is potential harm to human health. In addition, most of the pharmaceutical wastewater is high concentrations of organic wastewater, which is not only difficult to handle but also difficult to achieve the goal of stability. All this restricts the sustainable development of the pharmaceutical industry.

According to the research, the main features of pharmaceutical wastewater are as follows: (1) High concentration of organic pollutants. In the process of production, incomplete reaction raw materials, including fermentation residual matrix and nutrients, solvent extraction residual liquid and inoculum waste liquid, etc., as well as a large number of by-products, a small part of the finished product will flow out with water, resulting in wastewater COD concentrations are generally Above 5000mg / L;

(2) difficult biodegradable substances, toxic and harmful substances. Residual drugs in pharmaceutical wastewater such as antibiotics, halogen compounds, ether compounds, nitro compounds, thioether and alum compounds, some heterocyclic compounds and organic solvents, etc., are mostly bio-difficult to degrade substances, such as in a certain concentration After the micro-organisms will have an inhibitory effect. In addition, halogen compounds, nitro compounds, organic nitrogen compounds, dispersants with bactericidal effect or surfactants on the microorganisms have a greater toxic effect on the biochemical treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater brought great difficulties;

(3) impact load. Due to the needs of the production process, the wastewater from the pharmaceutical production is usually discharged intermittently, and the temperature, the concentration of pollutants and the pH change greatly with time. In addition, a large number of high concentrated short-term waste water discharged from fermentation tanks, such as inverted cans, will cause great load impact.

High chroma, heavy smell. Due to the production of pharmaceutical wastewater requires the use of a large number of chemicals and animal and plant tissues as raw materials, these materials into the waste water will have a greater smell and darker color. And after the general sewage treatment process is difficult to completely remove the larger impact on the environment;

(5) high concentration of suspended solids. Antibiotics, traditional Chinese medicine and other pharmaceutical wastewater is often entrained with a large number of microbial mycelium or herbal residue, SS in wastewater is higher. Such as penicillin production wastewater SS generally can reach 5000 ~ 23000mg / L.

Pharmaceutical wastewater has a great impact on environmental pollution. To solve the problem of pharmaceutical wastewater, the United States takes the lead in formulating corresponding guidelines and standards on pollutant discharge for the pharmaceutical industry. August 1, 2008, China began to implement the "pharmaceutical industry water pollutant discharge standards." The main indicators in the standard are all strictly American standards. Although the existing enterprises are treated differently from the new ones, the deadline is June 30, 2010. This shows that the state environmental protection department not only for the new pharmaceutical companies to raise the industry access threshold, but also failed to meet the deadline of existing enterprises will be discontinued rectification or even eliminated. In addition, the "Standard for Discharge of Water Pollutants in Pharmaceutical Industry" stipulates that the baseline discharge per unit of product should be used to effectively reduce the concentration of COD by diluting with water, and provide for more demanding water pollution in areas requiring special protection measures Special emission limits.

There have been many research results at home and abroad regarding the treatment of pharmaceutical waste water. However, the diversity of pharmaceutical categories and processes makes it difficult for pharmaceutical waste water to have a unified approach. The specific process route design depends on the nature and characteristics of the wastewater and the application of advanced and efficient treatment technology. In general, the pre-treatment should be used to improve the biodegradability of the wastewater and to remove the pollutants preliminarily. Combined with the biochemical processes, emission targets should be met afterwards. As biochemical treatment has a certain limit, for the high concentration of non-degradable pharmaceutical wastewater, if direct biochemical treatment reduces efficiency, but also increase costs, or even less than the emission requirements.

Pretreatment or subsequent treatment with physico-chemical techniques can create conditions conducive to biochemical treatment and increase the water quality of the effluent. In general, pharmaceutical wastewater has high COD concentration, poor biodegradability and high biological toxicity. Physicochemical pretreatment can improve the biodegradability of wastewater and eliminate its toxicity. However, most of the biochemical wastewater can not reach the standard, and further Physical and chemical follow-up treatment that can achieve emissions requirements; physical and chemical treatment if necessary, can also be used as the main treatment process applications. Compared with the biochemical treatment method, the physical and chemical treatment method has the advantages of small area, good effluent quality and stability, strong adaptability to changes of wastewater water quantity, water temperature and concentration, removal of harmful heavy metal ions, removal of phosphorus, denitrification, Management easy to auto-detect and control operations.

The current pharmaceutical industry to strengthen environmental governance is imminent, to address and resolve the environmental crisis or the survival and future business problems facing the issue. While the emphasis on environmental protection, will certainly be more conducive to the rapid development of enterprises. Some experts said that although the current environmental problems in the pharmaceutical industry are prominent, in recent years, pharmaceutical companies have carried out a great deal of work in terms of technological innovation and GMP compliance, which is quite different from the situation of the initial stage of reform and opening up. "At present, many pharmaceutical companies have raised their environmental awareness and invested a lot in environmental protection and achieved some success."

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