Applicable conditions and requirements for shotcrete support

Shotcrete or its combination with anchors can be used in different types of surrounding rock, mining conditions, mines, copper chambers, and stope works under different working conditions and different engineering spans. However, the following geological conditions are not suitable for the final support of shotcrete.
( 1 ) expansive rock mass; ( 2 ) unconsolidated loose rock mass; ( 3 ) loess layer with severe subsidence; ( 4 ) large-scale flooding section; ( 5 ) section capable of causing severe corrosion; 6 ) The frozen rock mass in the severe cold area.
The thickness of the shotcrete support shall not be less than 50mm and the maximum shall not exceed 200mm .
Reinforced shotcrete support is often used in underground engineering with poor surrounding rock stability or large span. The main function of the steel mesh is to improve the integrity of the shotcrete, prevent shrinkage, evenly distribute the stress in the concrete, and provide a certain shear strength. When using steel bars, the spacing of the steel bars should be 150~300mm.   The thickness of the steel protective layer should not be less than 20mm .
Steel fiber shotcrete support should be adopted through the roadway of plastic rheological rock mass or the roadway that is affected by mining or high-speed water flow.

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