Raw material inspection standards
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(1) International standards are formulated by international standards or standards organizations and publicly released standards. The International Organization for Standardization (Interna-tionaJ Organization for Standardization) is the world's largest specialized non-governmental standardization agency and it dominates international standardization. ISO9000 is to guide the organization to establish a quality system, ISO14000 is to help establish an environmental management system to coordinate the standardization work within the world, and help international material exchanges and mutual assistance. Some international organizations, such as the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), and the World Health Organization (WHO), are also international standards.
(2) Regional standards Standards developed and published by a regional standards organization, such as the European Standard (EN) issued by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) are regional standards.
(3) National standards Standards developed and published by national standards bodies, such as ANSI, BS, NP, DIN, JIS, etc. are the codes of the national standards of the United States, Britain, France, Germany, and Japan. China's national standards are approved and issued by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision. The codes for national standards are GB (mandatory standards) and GB/T (recommended standards).
(4) Industry standards Standards issued by industry standardization bodies and uniformly implemented within the scope of an industry. According to the "Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China", it is approved and issued by the competent ministries and commissions (bureaus) of the country. Standards that are uniformly used within the scope of this department are called industry standards. Industry standards are standards established for technical standards that do not have national standards but need to be unified within a countrywide industry. For example, NY, LY, QB, and SB are standard codes for agriculture, forestry, light industry, and commercial industries.
(5) Local standards are formulated and published publicly by local authorities of a country. The local standards of our country are standards formulated for the requirements of product safety, hygiene, environmental protection, food hygiene, and energy saving that do not have national standards and industry standards but need to be unified within the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Standardization administrative departments uniformly organize the formulation, approval, numbering, and issuance. The code for local standards consists of the Chinese phonetic alphabet “DB†plus the first two digits of the administrative division code of the province, autonomous region, and municipality, plus a slash, for example, the code for compulsory local standards in Shanxi Province is DBl4/, the recommended local standard for Shanxi Province. Code name is DBl4/T.
(6) Enterprise Standards Some countries, also known as company standards, are standards developed and issued by enterprises and institutions themselves, and they are standards formulated for the need for coordinated and uniform technical requirements, management requirements, and job requirements within an enterprise. China's corporate standard code is Q/XXX, and XXX is the first letter of the 3 Chinese Pinyin that can represent the name of the company.
2. The status of China's grain raw material quality inspection standards The standards related to the quality inspection of grain raw materials can be summarized as the following categories.
(1) The technical requirements for product quality characteristics that are specified in the grain quality standards are called product quality standards. Food quality standards are the technical basis for the quality of food production, inspection, and assessment, such as the People's Republic of China National Standard-Corn (CB1353-1999).
(2) Standards for Food Testing Methods Standards that are based on the testing and testing methods for product performance and quality are called standards for testing and testing methods. The testing and test method standards include uniform provisions in terms of operation and accuracy requirements, and uniform regulations for the instruments, equipment, test or test conditions, methods, procedures, data calculations, results analysis, qualification standards, and retesting rules used. Such as GB/T5490-1985 general rules for food, oil and vegetable oil inspection, GB/T5492-1985 grain, oil color, smell, taste identification method.
(3) Food Hygiene Standards To protect human health, standards established for food, medicine, and other supplies in terms of hygiene requirements are called hygiene standards. Such as GB2715-81 food hygiene standards, GB/T5009.36-1996 food hygiene standards analysis methods.
(4) The green food standard is managed and certified by the China Green Food Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, such as green food-soybean (Ny/T285-95). The green food logo has been registered and approved by the Trademark Office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, in which the A-grade green food logo and standard font are white and the background color is green; the AA green food logo and standard font are green and the background color is white. The pattern of "green food" is that two fresh green leaves stretch slowly in the rising sunlight.
(5) Organic food standards are managed and certified by the Organic Food Development Center of the National Environmental Protection Agency. From the perspective of foreign countries, organic food in Germany accounted for only 5%. The output of wheat, corn and soybean in the US ecological agriculture is equivalent to 44% to 50% of conventional agricultural production. Sixty percent of the crop's nitrogen nutrients come from chemical fertilizers. Fertilizers are still the main factor in increasing grain production. Pesticides can recover about 15% of agricultural product losses. After China's accession to the WTO, the traditional role of tariff barriers in grain trade has gradually weakened, and the technical barriers centered on controlling grain quality have intensified, raising new and higher requirements for the construction of China's grain quality standards and security system.