The working principle of screw compressor
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A screw refrigeration compressor is a high-speed compressor that uses two intermeshing screws for relative rotational motion to compress air. Screw compressors are available in single screw and twin screw versions. Two screws are installed in the twin-screw cylinder. One has four convex teeth called the active rotor (also called the male rotor), and the other has six concave teeth (also called the female rotor) as the driven rotor. The rotors are all spiral. The male and female rotors mesh with each other for reverse operation. The two ends of the rotor are equipped with bearings, and a sealed space is formed between the rotor slots and the cylinders, and intake and exhaust ports are provided at both ends of the rotor.
In order to reduce the exhaust temperature and reduce the noise, it is generally used to cool the rotor and also seal the between the male and female rotors and the cylinder wall.
The working principle of the twin-screw compressor: (1) The intake process: When the active rotor (male rotor) is driven by the motor. It is moved in phase with the meshing driven rotor (female rotor) (ie one clockwise and the other counterclockwise). Intake is started when moving to the position that communicates with the inspiratory day. When the rotor continues to rotate, the volume of the space in the seal increases continuously, and the gas continuously enters the person. When the rotor rotates until the suction groove seals the suction port, the intake process is completed. Reaches the maximum value.
(2) Compression process: from point B, the rotor continues to rotate, the sealing surface of the groove gradually moves toward the exhaust port C, and the volume of the sealed space is gradually reduced, and the gaseous refrigerant in the sealed space is compressed. The pressure rises until the compressed space communicates with the exhaust port, that is, the compression and boosting process is completed.
(3) Exhaust process: When it is connected to the exhaust port, as the rotor continues to rotate, the high-pressure gas refrigerant in the sealed space is pressed into the exhaust pipe until it is completely discharged to complete the exhaust process. The next refrigeration compression cycle process.
The twin-screw compressor has the advantages of compact structure, small size and reliable operation. The screw compressor needs to have a matching lubricating oil system. Because the convex and concave yin and yang rotors are meshed and rotated, the noise is large. In the case of twin-screw high and low pressure series gas, the energy loss is large due to the large friction loss. Influence the service life.
In air conditioning systems, many refrigeration units currently employ a single screw refrigeration compressor consisting of a single screw and two gantry rotors.
There is a rotor with a gas chamber above and below the screw. When the refrigerant is sucked into the groove of the screw rotor through the suction pipe. During the rotation of the rotor, when one tooth of the gantry rotor meshes into the groove of the screw, the air inlet is closed, the rotor continues to rotate, and the rotor groove is separated from the door rotor tooth to start compressing space, with space When the refrigerant is reduced, the refrigerant inside is compressed and the pressure is increased until the exhaust pressure is reached.
Since the structure of the single screw compressor eliminates the suction bypass between the high and low pressures existing in the twin screw compressor, energy loss can be reduced.